Essay about Stereotypes of the Genders - 675 Words

Bette Davis says, â€Å"When a man gives his opinion, hes a man. When a woman gives her opinion, shes a bitch.† There are so many stereotypes when it comes to women. Women are supposed to be behind the superior male. Women are supposed to be ladylike and gentle. The crazy thing is that when a woman goes outside of that typical stereotype; it is considered wrong and unjust. Men have stereotypes as well. They are meant to be macho and have the upper hand. They have to smell and act like the guys in the Old Spice commercials. But as it seems, we all have a certain role to attend to. According to Michael Kimmel, â€Å"gender refers to cultural definitions of masculinity and femininity – the meanings of maleness or femaleness† (Kimmel,†¦show more content†¦The witness’s reaction was exactly what I expected. Both said they were outraged by my actions, but they later calm down when I told them it was for a class paper. My mother, Gwen, said sh e was embarrassed before I sat down with her at dinner because of the way I dressed. She also said that she did not raise her daughter to be disrespectful to her and guests. She also said that the â€Å"dyke culture† is running the way I was raised. At the time of the violation, she claimed that she would never go out in public with me again and left dinner. On the other hand, my girlfriend, Nikki, was also mad at my actions. Since she is the butch and I am a fem; she could not understand the reason behind me dressing like a boy. She said I embarrassed her and my mother in public. Later on that day, I went to explain the reason behind my actions to my mother and she forgave me. It wasn’t so easy to convince my girlfriend that it was for a paper. Lastly, my reaction to the gender violation was that some people cannot accept change. I was also confused and hurt that the people close to me could not accept changes in people and their behavior. They completely shut me out for being different. I also felt that my actions and my choices should not affect people. Because I felt that my actions affected the people around me; I felt ashamed. The reason I was feeling that way was because I was taught that I should beShow MoreRelatedGender Stereotypes : Gender And Stereotypes Essay1973 Words   |  8 PagesGender stereotypes emerge across time and throughout different cultures and typically they are ascribed to individuals in order to conform to sociocultural ideas and biological norms (Johnston Diekman, 2015). This behaviour is often influenced upon individual s in the earliest stages of life when a infant is not yet capable of expressing his or her own preferences in terms of gender identity, leaving the young child s parents and other adults to choose for them (Pomerleau, et al., 1990).Read MoreGender, Stereotypes, And Stereotypes Essay1434 Words   |  6 Pagesgiven rules. We are taught that straying away from stereotypes is anything but good and encouraged to build our lives upon only these social rules. Recently, stereotypes based on genders have been put into the limelight and have become of high interest to a generation that is infamously known for deviating from the established way of life. Millennials have put gender roles under fire, deeming it a form of segregation and discrimination by gender. Researchers have followed suit. Mimicking millennialRead MoreStereotypes And Stereotypes Of Gender Stereotypes1588 Words   |  7 Pagestoday holds many stereotypes, and sometimes people will rebel against the stereotypes in order to embrace the individual and oppose social norms. However, some stereotypes are harder to rebel against than other. A stereotype that might be harder to break, eit her because the people who believe in that stereotype are too ignorant to look past it or because the people who need to rebel are not able to, is gender based stereotypes. One example of this type of stereotype is when gender roles appear inRead MoreStereotypes And Stereotypes Of Gender Stereotypes Essay939 Words   |  4 Pagesbetween which gender was more superior than the other. Males won the battle of the sexes and women had to fight hard for their freedom of equality and right to vote. Even though today women are no longer restricted, like they were once were, they are still unable to achieve their dreams. This is from the gender role-stereotypes. These stereotypes affect their everyday life, school work, and even career choices. Question are often asked about gender stereotypes like ‘Where did these stereotypes first originateRead MoreGender And Gender Stereotypes1150 Words   |  5 PagesGender stereotypes are fallacious claims that seem to be inevitable. Labels on individuals create many barriers for their progress in their everyday lives. Aside from assaults of all kinds and being demoted on a regular basis, women are treated unfairly and are seen in a dominant position for stereotypical matters. Jobs and hard work seem to be male dominated fields only. Though they do get pushed down in certain circumstances, it is not as nearly as much as women do. Gender discrimination influencesRead MoreGender Stereotypes1352 Words   |  6 Pagesname of Tyler. I am a walking victim of Gender Stereotyping. For as long as I can remember I have been stereotyped by my name and always have heard â€Å"Tyler is a boy name†, â €Å"I thought you were a boy when I heard your name† growing up my name was always questioned and people always would ask me the question of â€Å"why did your mom name you Tyler?† After 20 years of life, I am still faced with the question of â€Å"isn’t Tyler a boy name?† I am a walking Gender Stereotype. I have often come to even ask myselfRead MoreGender And Gender Stereotypes1141 Words   |  5 PagesGender and race stereotypes are primordial. They have existed forever and are still prevalent in today’s society. The most prominent of these are feminine, masculine, and race stereotypes. With these stereotypes, it can easily be demeaning and make people feel trapped. Films, childrens books, literacy, and fairy tales often convey these stereotypes. Females have been seen as the lesser gender for years. Women are seen as weak, insecure, and dependent people. They are most typically portrayed asRead MoreGender Stereotypes1012 Words   |  5 PagesDevelopment of gender stereotypes in children at home and school There are a lot of parents and teachers who communicate gender stereotypes to children while they interact. We also see how parents interact with boys and girls differently based on their gender. For example, some parents want their children to know that anything with pink is for girls, and blue is for boys. They observe what their parents can do at home, how and in what level their parents communicate to each other, what kindRead MoreGender, Gender And Gender Stereotypes1582 Words   |  7 PagesThere are multiple examples and instances where the object of a joke has something to do with gender and gender stereotypes. These types of jokes seem to take center stage at any comedy performance or routine, and the audience loves it. Gender in association with humor brings up a great deal of questions. Do males and females see humor differently? Are there any similarities in the way the sexes view humor? And is there any truth to the thought that humans enjoy crass humor more than o ther typesRead MoreGender Stereotypes732 Words   |  3 Pagessingle-sex schools. UV published that boys who attended single-sex schools were twice as likely to pursue interests and careers in subjects such as art, music, drama and foreign languages. In this study, the boys studied were of comparable ability. Gender stereotypes are less constraining at single sex schools, allowing students to explore their strengths. (Novotney, 2011) Although this study is viable, I would disagree with the numbers, I don’t believe that they are twice as likely to pursue interests

The Future Business Manager Of Del Co - 1495 Words

If I will be the future business manager of Del Co., I have a responsibility to uphold ethical standards in my own action and decision. Moreover, I have to fulfill this responsibility by making sure that employees are aware of the organization’s ethical code and have the opportunity to ask questions to clarify their understanding. Additionally, I am responsible for creating and implementing change to a company’s ethical codes. These changes will help the company â€Å"right the ship† after a slew of mishaps and missteps, by both upper management and entry level employees. Del Co. is the auto-part company in U.S., the headquarter is located in Los Angeles, California. Our business supplies tires, seatbelts, and glassware for car manufactures to place on their vehicles. We have 20,000 employees from nationwide. Nowadays, the company needs to change the business’s ethical direction and the organization culture after any unfortunate events are occurred. There are three ethics issues which affect the company reputation as follow, â€Å"slush account†, â€Å"sexual harassment†, and â€Å"pollution problem†. They are necessary to find the solution as soon as possible. First, looking into more details about slush account, one of our staff accountants discovered the slush account that had very large deposits and withdrawals approximately $200,000 that were not traced to qualified or detailed expenses. After investigating this case, we discovered that the funds from said account were being wired to anShow MoreRelatedDrivers For Autom otive Manufacturing Industry1631 Words   |  7 PagesDrivers for automotive manufacturing industry To secure and maintain the long term future of the automotive industry in terms of growing the share of the value chain and by getting ahead in the field of research and development (RD) on ultra-low emission vehicles. This strategy sets out the drivers for the automotive manufacturing industry. †¢ Legislation: Governments all over the world is enforcing legislations to protect the environment based on the international agreement on climate change (KyotoRead MoreTaran Swan Hbr Case Analysis2602 Words   |  11 Pageslaunched by a team from corporate the company called the Nickelodeon International Swat Team. They would build the channel and transition it to local management. By 1998 Nickelodeon was in more than 30 countries. While Taran Swan was the director of Business Development for Nickelodeon International, she had begun to look into opportunities in Latin America. But in 1993 when Swan first looked at Latin America the market seemed too volatile and Nickelodeon was more interested in Australia and GermanyRead MorePepsi Cola Philippines Feasibility Study5554 Words   |  23 PagesTrucking Business Plan Project/Business Introduction Pepsi Cola Products Philippines, Inc. 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Overall this process helps in exploring new talents in the organization which can beRead MoreFyffes Strategy3168 Words   |  13 Pagesdifferentiation. Furthermore the market growth is slow, and it does not change all that much, the main transnational companies between 1995 and 2007 stayed unchanged; they are Chiquita, Dole, Del Monte, Fyffes and Noboa. These transnational companies (TNCs) control over 75 percent of the world trade (Chiquita 26%, Dole 25%, Del Monte 16%, and 8% for Fyffes and Noboa). But Fyffes is the market leader in UK, Ireland, the Netherlands, Spain and Denmark. The difference between each exporter will be in terms ofRead MoreFyffes Strategy3178 Words   |  13 Pagesdifferentiation. Furthermore the market growth is slow, and it does not change all that much, the main transnational companies between 1995 and 2007 stayed unchanged; they are Chiquita, Dole, Del Monte, Fyffes and Noboa. 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The difference between each exporter will be in terms ofRead MoreEssay on Business Networks - ARA MODEL3782 Words   |  16 Pages    MG4041    Business   Networks    Lecturer:   Dr   Helen   McGrath    Visiting   student:   Nicolà ²   Degl’Innocenti   Ã¢â‚¬â€œ   ID   114107490       Words   count:   3419    Business   Networks   and   the   ARA   model       The   case   of   Azimut- ­Ã¢â‚¬ Benetti   boatyards   and   the   development   of    Benetti- ­Ã¢â‚¬ Net             Table   of   contents    Business   Networks   and   the   ARA   model   ......................................Read MoreEthical Behavior and Social Responsibility of Organizations4823 Words   |  20 Pages17 Social Irresponsibility to Customers: Aqua del Tunari †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 18 Social Responsibility of Corporations to External Beneficiaries Social Responsibility to Local Governments †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 20 Social Irresponsibility to Local Governments: Long-term Capital Management†¦. 21 Social Responsibility to the Environment and Future Generations†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 23 Social Irresponsibility to the Environment and Future Generations: Tokyo Electric Power Company.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read MoreTesco - Management and Financial Information for Decision Making3972 Words   |  16 PagesMANAGEMENT AND FINANCIAL INFORMATION FOR DECISION MAKING MANAGEMENT AND FINANCIAL INFORMATION FOR DECISION MAKING Maria del Mar Sanchez: 10044329 Tutor: Geraint Evans Maria del Mar Sanchez: 10044329 Tutor: Geraint Evans Contents INTRODUCTION 2 INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL USERS 3 Customers 3 Competitors 3 Shareholders ² 4 Managers 4 Suppliers 4 Employees 5 OBJECTIVES 6 Maximize shareholders wealth 6 Growth 6 Satisfaction 7 Profit maximization 7 MaximizeRead MoreCorporation (Fisch) Outline Penn Law Essay62808 Words   |  252 PagesStructural Changes 85 A.) 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How Racism Effects American Culture - 798 Words

How Racism Effects American Culture Lakia Williams ENG/147 02/06/2017 Dr. Leonid Chernyak Racism Effects American Racism is used as a weapon to caues harm, divied people of diffirent ethnic background. Today it still a and is something we ve all witnessed and deal with on a daily basis. Is it ok to discrimination agisnst interracial couples or friends? It is one of the most important social problems of the world. Racism is a weapon of racial profiling, law enforcement plays a big part of racial profiling someone becacuse the color of their skin. What comes to your mind when you hear or think the word racism? It continues to affected many diffirent people in a good and bad way, in all†¦show more content†¦Whites are often represented as the superior race. They often target African Americas without any sort of evidence, also use racial stereotypes to make out a suspects description. This gives a great deal of how dangerous living in a racist white community could be. Racism becomes the problem revolving around black male is killed by a group of white men or polices without consequence. Kids doesn t understand why they are treated differently and doesn t want to back down because of the color of ours skin. In Camilla, Georgia, a political pogrom in 1871 left over thirty dead; in Opelousas, Louisiana, as many as two hundred died in 1868; and in Colfax, Louisiana at least 105 blacks were killed in 1873, many of them by summary execution after they had surrendered to whites striving to deny them political rights. (Martin Sullivan, 2000, p. 627) This gives a great deal of how dangerous living in a racist white community could be. We have to keep a low profile in the white community as to not trigger any alarms that may cause an issue. Blacks were not equal to whites. White people made it clear that they thought they were above the black people and think they deserved better than black people. Racism still happens today it still exists in school, workforce, and social lives. Many races beside african americas aren t treated as equals. Historical research has shownShow MoreRelatedThe Bluest Eye By Toni Morrison1044 Words   |  5 PagesIn the novel The Bluest Eye, Toni Morrison confirms the existence of racism within the African American community. Unbelievably, many African Americans suffer from what is termed internalized racism. Internalized racism produces the same effect as racial racism: feelings of worthlessness, inferiority, and unattractiveness. In addition, the effect can produce the opposite feelings: superiority, hatred, and feelings of self-worth. Pecola, an 11-year-old black girl, desires to have the physical characteristicsRead MoreAfrican Americans During The 20th Century1667 Words   |  7 Pagesand the things one deals with. The experiences of African Americans in the 20th century have been similar, mostly experiencing lives filled with affliction. Rath er than their skin color, it was the hardships they faced that define what being an African American was all about. On a more specific level, what did it mean to be black in the United States? It meant several things: Firstly, it meant to be discriminated against and to face much racism. Secondly, it was inferred they were culturally inferiorRead MoreEssay on Discrimination Against Native Americans and Asians612 Words   |  3 PagesHow can counselors work to lessen the effects of racism and discrimination that have impacted Native Americans and Asian Americans? (1 Asian American parents believe in keeping many of their issue within the family which makes them reluctant to seek services. Because of this culture believe, Asian Americans utilize mental health services at a lower rate compared to other Americans (Sue, 1994). Socially sanctioned claims concerning Asian Americans social character or integrity helps to explainRead MoreRacial Profiling : A Cause And Effect926 Words   |  4 PagesA Cause Effect Analysis of Racial Stereotypes Racism and racial stereotypes have existed throughout human history. The radical belief associated by thinking the skin color, language, or a person’s nationality is the reason that someone is one way or another has become extremely detrimental to society. Throughout human existence it has sparked tension between groups of people and ultimately influenced wars and even caused slavery. Racism in America dates back to when Native Americans were oftenRead MoreRacism And Racism1199 Words   |  5 Pagesthere has always been accounts of racism with the most severe being against Black minorities. â€Å"Racism has been described as beliefs, attitudes, and individual and systemic approaches that degrade people based on the color of their skin,† (Graham Roemer, 2016, p. 369). These thoughts and attitudes have dated as far back as the 17th century where Whites heavily discriminate against Blacks because of the color of their skin. In history it has been stated by White American s that they are superior and BlackRead MoreOvercoming Racism And Barriers To Counseling African Americans.1347 Words   |  6 PagesOvercoming Racism and Barriers to Counseling African Americans Racism against African Americans and other ethnicities is still prevalent in our society. Salis (2015) mentions a recent poll of Caucasian and African Americans and found that sixty percent of those surveyed felt racial relationships ha vent improved and forty percent felt they were worse. In this paper, I will identify how a counselor can reduce the effects of racism and discrimination that has affected African Americans. AdditionallyRead MoreOvercoming Racism And Discrimination That Has Affected Asian And Native Americans1426 Words   |  6 PagesOvercoming Racism and Barriers to Counseling in Asian and Native Americans Both Asian Americans and Native Americans have faced oppression and discrimination for over two-hundred years (Hays and Erford, 2014). In this paper, I will identify how a counselor can reduce the effects of racism and discrimination that has affected Asian and Native Americans. Additionally, I will address what role a counselor plays in reducing the stigma of mental illness within both Asian and Native American’s communityRead MoreRacism And The Australian Human Rights Commission1626 Words   |  7 PagesRacism, wherever it occurs, has damaging effects. It can be defined as the belief that all members of each race possess characteristics or abilities, especially so as to distinguish it as inferior or superior to another race (Oxford dictionary). It can occur on individual, internal,or institutional levels, and it can be either subtle or obvious (Jones,2000). Research confirms that racism is still prevalent in today’s society, in 2013 the Australian Human Rights Commi ssion received a 59 per cent increaseRead MoreRace And American Culture : The Problem Of Race1338 Words   |  6 PagesCulture refers to a system of norms and values that are shared amongst groups of individuals and when they are taken together they represent a living system. In America there are different cultures. Each culture has its advantages and disadvantages. The current problem or issue is on the problem of race in American culture. The history and the effects of race, and analyzes why people think about race as a problem in American culture and why it has to be addressed. The issue of race is a vice thatRead MoreEffects Of Jim Crow1510 Words   |  7 PagesEffects of Jim Crow Laws in America Jim Crow Laws were created in Southern States to promote a separate but equal idea within minority communities (The Jim Crow South). It gave a false perception that America was taking a step in the right direction towards racism. The truth was that it was masking segregation in America. In some aspects Jim Crow laws still exist today but instead of color, it is social status that is used. Jim Crow laws has greatly affected America by minimizing education benefits

Obesity Is A Health Risk - 1474 Words

Obesity is defined as a condition characterized by the accumulation of excess body fat, this abnormal or excessive fat accumulation may impair on one’s health, leading to a reduced life expectancy (Health Boosters, 2012). Obesity occurs when an individual’s energy intake exceeds their energy expenditure, the larger the imbalance the more rapid the weight gain (Medibank, 2010). For practical reasons, body weight has been used to indicate whether someone is overweight or obese, and is commonly calculated by Body Mass Index (BMI)(NSW Centre for Public Health Nutrition NSW Department of Health, 2007). BMI = (Weight (kg))/(ã€â€"Heithetã€â€"^2 (m^2 ) ) Obesity is a health risk and can lead to a range of medical conditions and complications (Medibank, 2010). An obese person has a higher possibility to suffer form many cardiovascular and musculoskeletal diseases and some cancers, e.g., type 2 diabetes, osteoarthritis, and pancreas cancer (Medibank, 2010). In addition, b eing overweight can hamper the ability to control or manage chronic disorders (Peeters and Backholer 2012). As the level of excess weight increases, so does the risk of developing these conditions (Aihw.gov.au, 2014). However, obesity has becoming a growing global health problem since more and more people tend to put on unnecessary pounds nowadays (Shah, 2010). Obesity has become the single biggest threat to public health in Australia today; it has overtaken smoking as the leading cause of premature death and illnessShow MoreRelatedThe Health Risks Of Obesity Essay1495 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Obesity is one of the most significant health concerns that both children and adults in the USA are facing today. It can be defined as a condition of having too much fat in the adipose tissue of the body to the extent that it impairs body health, and is different from overweight which implies having too much body weight. This is because the weight of an overwieight person can be as a result of body muscle, fat, bone and water. However, the two terms imply that an individual’s weightRead More Health Risks and Obesity Essay1397 Words   |  6 PagesObesity has become the silent killer in American society. It is a risk factor for numerous chronic diseases including the four leading causes of death. Obesity can be linked to stroke, heart disease, cancer and diabetes, all serious health problems that can be fatal. Obesity is linked to 300,000 deaths annually in the industrial world (Flamholz, 2001). Often in society and in the medical community there exists a lack of understanding that obesity is in fact a disease and needs attention, otherwiseRead MoreObesity : A Major Health Risk1976 Words   |  8 PagesObesity is a major health risk. The body changes that occur during obesity are linked to morbidity and mortality disability from diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, stroke, osteoarthritis and cancer1. The prevalence of obesity and its comorbidities has dramatically increased in recent decades, especially amongst children1. Currently 11% of children in Snohomish County Health District (SNOHD) are obese4. The high prevalence of obesity can be reduced by addressing its main causalRead MoreObesity As A Risk Factor For Cardiac Health844 Words   |  4 Pagesthat they all had the same results to their surveys and data collections and the same conclusion; obesity is a major problem in American society and it leads to multiple health issues. Data shows that obesity is the cause of chronic disease risk, morbidity, high health care costs and s ocial costs (Nestle Jacobson 2000). After the American society has identify obesity as a risk factor for cardiac health, many federal agencies has come up with guidelines, educating American people how to reduce theirRead MoreObesity : Health Risks And The Social Stigma1514 Words   |  7 Pagesexercise as a way to combat obesity and improve personal health. Everyone knows that they’re good for health. It’s common sense. Every doctor tells their overweight patients that they should watch what they eat and hit the gym. With obesity being associated with diabetes, heart disease, high blood pressure, and so many other diseases, you would be hard-pressed to find people who say that the obese aren’t generally less healthy than their thinner friends. Between the health risks and the social stigma thatRead MoreEssay about Health Risk Associated With Childhood Obesity2216 Words   |  9 PagesChildhood obesity is a disease where excess body fat affects a childs heal th or wellbeing. With the number of children affected by the disease increasing, it is important to understand the consequences. Not only will obesity influence a child’s physical heath, but it can also affect their emotional and social health as well. Acknowledging that obesity is a preventable disease should help lower the number of children affected by it. It is not about dieting; it is a lifestyle change that should beRead MoreObesity As A Disorder Involving Unwanted Body Fat That Increases Health Risks2116 Words   |  9 Pages Obesity is a disorder involving unwanted body fat that increases health risks. It has been a huge concern in America. Currently about more than half of America is either obese or overweight. Obesity affects the body in a wrong way. It has caused type 2 diabetes, heart disease, high blood pressure, stroke, high cholesterol, Gallbladder disease, and some types of cancer. Due to these diseases, there have been approximately 400,000 deaths i n America. Childhood obesity is the worse. It hasRead MoreObesity And Overweight Is The Accumulation Of Excessive Body Fat That Poses A Potential Health Risk1478 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is obesity? Obesity or overweight is the accumulation of excessive body fat that poses a potential health risk to an individual. It is measured by the body mass index (BMI). The weight (kilograms) of the person is divided by his or her height squared (meters). A BMI greater than or equal to 30 is considered obese and a BMI greater than or equal to 25, but less than 30 is considered overweight (WHO, 2014). People who are obese or overweight are highly at risk for many chronic illnesses, suchRead MoreObesity Involves Excessive Body Fat That Increases The Risk Of Other Health Related Problems953 Words   |  4 PagesObesity involves excessive body fat that increases the risk of other health related problems (MedlinePlus, 2014). The health related problems includes high blood pressure, high cholester ol, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, sleep disorders, musculoskeletal disorders and associat-ed limitations in physical activities (MedlinePlus, 2014). According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), (2015) 17% of children aged 2-19 are obese. One in five children in the United States isRead MoreChildhood Obesity : Obesity And Obesity1505 Words   |  7 PagesChildhood Obesity Introduction Childhood Obesity has become more critical public health issue worldwide. However, obesity ratio varies from country to country. In addition, up to a quarter of Australian children are suffering from childhood obesity and obese children are at higher risk to become obese adult. For this reason, child’s weight always matters because it can impact on their health in future. There may be many reasons which affect childhood obesity including sedentary life style, lack of

Self-Supervision and Plan Free Essays

string(49) " and developing a more therapeutic relationship\." Clinical mental health counselors diagnose, treat, and test psychological disorders as well as support and teach clients skills needed for positive behavior changes. According to the 2012 American Mental Health Counselors Association’s (AMHCA) code of ethics â€Å"Mental health counselors believe in the dignity and worth of the individual. They are committed to increasing knowledge of human behavior and understanding of themselves and others. We will write a custom essay sample on Self-Supervision and Plan or any similar topic only for you Order Now They use their skills only for purposes consistent with these values and do not knowingly permit their misuse by others. While demanding for themselves freedom of inquiry and community, mental health counselors accept the responsibility this freedom confers: competence, objectivity in the application of skills, and concern for the best interest of clients, colleagues, and society in general†. They promote clients well-being on multiple levels by providing prevention services and treatments for a wide range of clients in diverse settings (Gladding Newsome, 2010). According to the AMHCA, â€Å"mental health counselors have a primary obligation to safeguard information about individuals obtained in the course of practice, teaching, or research. Personal information is communicated to others only with the person’s written consent or in those circumstances where there is clear and imminent danger to the client, to others or to society. Disclosure of counseling information is restricted to what is necessary, relevant and verifiable†. Another role of mental health counselors would be to actively learn and promote as well as be sensitive to the different cultural, ethnic, and diverse backgrounds of their clients. Continuous education, research, and self-awareness are the competent counselor’s key to effective, safe, diverse, accepting, and empowering counseling treatment and career. With the growing diversity of the U. S. population, counselors are increasingly called on to make their services more widely available in racially and ethnically diverse localities. Ethnic and racial disparities in mental health are driven by social factors such as housing, education, and income (Vasquez, 2007). According to Vasquez, providing services to specific populations and building a niche practice can help a counselor remain competitive, gain new experiences and clients, and become recognized as an expert in working with particular populations. â€Å"Developing awareness of cultural values — such as reliance on family support systems, collective decision making, spirituality and respect for peers — is paramount in reaching out to diverse populations. The ability to understand and respect a prospective client’s belief system is crucial† (Vasquez, 2007). Cultural factors such as counselors’ gender and office environment (like artwork and furniture arrangement) may have a bearing on the demand for as well as the delivery of services. Counselor education faculty often urge students to celebrate diversity, but the average student is not equipped with knowledge of the components of the RESPECTFUL Counseling Cube (D’Andrea Daniels, 2001). These include religion and spirituality (R), economic class background (E), sexual identity (S), psychological maturity (P), ethnic and racial identity (E), chronological stage (C), trauma (T), family background (F), unique physical characteristics (U), and geographical location (L). Assessing the differing views of the above domains by diverse clients will affect the counseling process and can be used as a guide to accommodate culturally diverse clients. It is time for the counseling profession not only to recognize multicultural and diversity issues, but to develop systematic and practical approaches for helping counselors address and adapt counseling practices with culturally diverse clients (LeBeauf, Smaby Maddux, 2009). According to the American Mental Health Counseling Association (AMHCA), Clinical Mental Health Counselors who deliver clinical services must comply with state statutes and regulations governing the practice of clinical mental health counseling and adhere to all state laws governing the practice of clinical mental health counseling. In addition, they must also abide by all administrative rules, ethical standards, and other requirements of state clinical mental health counseling or other regulatory boards (AMHCA, 2012). Mental health counselors promote clients well-being on multiple levels by providing prevention services and treatments for a wide range of clients in diverse settings (Gladding Newsome, 2010). The profession of mental health counseling is continuously changing and evolving. Some of those changes are pleasantly welcomed, while others are not so much. Mental health counselors must stay updated, educated, and involved in all aspects of the profession in order to best serve their clients. State and national policies on mental health counseling are there to protect everyone involved. State policies are designed to regulate the professional practice of mental health counseling. This regulation serves to protect the consumer by ensuring that their rights and dignity are not violated (Ford, 2006). Licensing and credentialing are essential to the profession of mental health counseling (Gladding Newsome, 2010). Counselors must have the competencies to not only keep up with the constant change in public policies but to fight for the rights of their clients as well. Mental health counselors must possess a strong desire to help others as well as the ability to inspire confidence, trust, and respect. Wellness and self-care activities are essential to a counselor’s well-being and professional longevity. Knowledge of human behavior, social systems, self-awareness, diversity, and respect for human dignity are all required qualifications of a mental health counselor. Self-awareness is one of the most important qualities and behaviors of an effective counselor because it is a way to explore their personalities, value systems, beliefs, natural inclinations, and tendencies. To become self-aware is to become familiar with one’s worldviews and is often the first step for many in becoming self-improved through personal goal setting. Self-awareness is also empowering and therefore brings the counselor a better understanding of themselves and their clients. Morrisette (2002) describes how self-awareness impacts the counselor’s identity by helping them understand a myriad of situations from many different perspectives. This understanding enables them to seek out solutions with multiple approaches, and to understand and evaluate the consequences and outcomes of those approaches. Self-awareness is a critical component to the development and success of a counselor because it the key to ethical decision making in counseling (Remley Herlihy, 2010). A counselor that is self-aware not only understands their clients but also empathizes with them which in turn helps in building trust and developing a more therapeutic relationship. You read "Self-Supervision and Plan" in category "Papers" Clinical mental Health Counselors help clients work through a wide range of personal issues from career changes to relationship problems, anger management, depression, self-image, stress, parenting, addiction, and suicidal thoughts. They have many different roles and responsibilities that it is almost impossible to identify them all, but most importantly they are obligated to develop and maintain a safe, trusting, and comfortable relationship for their clients at all times in order for the therapy to work. The mission of the American Counseling Association is to enhance the quality of life in society by promoting the development of professional counselors, advancing the counseling profession, and using the profession and practice of counseling to promote respect for human dignity and diversity (ACA, 2005). I believe that my past experiences, diverse cultural background, and education will play a major role in my success as a mental health counselor. They have equipped me with the necessary tools to be an effective counselor. My familial experiences taught me to appreciate, respect, and love others. My cultural background taught me to never judge a book by its cover and to accept others for whom they are. My educational background in Medicine taught me how the human body works, and especially how genetics plays a major role on the development of the individual. As a future mental health counselor I would like to help those that have gone through or shared similar experiences as I have. My families’ refuge experience taught me immensely and shaped me into the person that I am today. Some of those life lessons are but not limited to: perseverance, patience, self-efficacy, acculturation, love, forgiveness, cultural diversity, advocacy, and respect for one’s self and others. I view my past hardships and challenges as tools that will guide me to fulfill what may possibly be my calling in life which is to counsel, educate, and empower those that went through similar situations as my family and I did. I would like to work in a private practice as a family therapist, or a refugee counselor, even for an advocacy group that would allow me to utilize my knowledge in the subject areas of refugee counseling, cultural/ethnic diversity, and immigrant counseling. As a refugee counselor I would not only focus on immigrants’ time in the United States, but also on their reasons for leaving their homeland, their experience of migration, their resources to function in unfamiliar environments, and the receptiveness of the new country (both politically and socially) to their presence. My diverse background, education, and personal experience will allow me to understand and relate to my clients on a deeper level. Sue Sue (2003) state that in order to be a culturally competent professional, one must first be aware of his or her own values and biases and how they may affect minorities. I believe that my personal life lessons have equipped me with the necessary tools to become an effective and culturally competent mental health counselor. The aim of counseling supervision should be supervision of the counselors own self supervision. As Confucius said, â€Å"Give a man a fish and you feed him for a day; teach him to fish and you feed him for a hundred years† (O’Hanlon Wilk, 1987, p. 264). One of the most important qualities that I learned as a result of my family’s migratory experience would be that of self-confidence and self-efficacy. Fostering students’ confidence in their abilities to effectively work with the clients they intend to serve has been a longstanding goal of most counselor education programs (Bernard Goodyear, 2004; Hensley, Smith, Thompson, 2003). In general, those counselors who are more confident in their ability to use their clinical skills in real life settings often provide a higher quality of counseling services to the clients they serve (Barnes, 2004; Bradley Fiorini, 1999). One of the major approaches often used when investigating the process of gaining competence and self-confidence in particular domains of behavior has been self-efficacy theory (Bandura, 1989). Also called perceived ability, self-efficacy refers to the confidence people have in their abilities to successfully perform a particular task (Bandura, 1986). Counseling self-efficacy (CSE), according to Larson (1998), is best described as the beliefs or judgments an individual has about his or her capability to effectively counsel a client in the near future. It is an important factor related to the level of anxiety novice counselors experience as well as the amount of effort they put forth to learn advanced counseling behaviors (Larson, 1998). As a result, some counselor educators and researchers have suggested that increasing counseling trainees’ self-efficacy is a worthwhile training goal (Larson, 1998) and that examinations of this construct should be included in both the research and evaluation of counselor competency and training effectiveness (Yuen, Chan, Lau, Lam, Shek, 2004). Koob (1998) stated that â€Å"Therapist burnout and career changes, even after several years of being a therapist, can be traced back to ineffective supervision and that traditional models of supervision have been ineffective in promoting positive perceived self-efficacy in therapists in training. Therefore, the lack of self-efficacy greatly impacts the counselor’s effectiveness and competence levels. A supervision model that builds confidence and self-efficacy is needed for counselor success and career longevity. Such supervisory model would be the solution-focused which â€Å"emphasizes competence, strengths, and possibilities rather than deficits, weaknesses, and limitations† (Morrissette, 2002). Solution-focused supervision, in parallel with therapeutic practice, is about collaborating in a partnership  which pays attention to, and develops, the supervisee’s interests, best intentions, and goals for their work (De Shazer, 1988). Solution-focused supervision focuses on abilities, learning, and strengths that the therapist already has. It also allows the therapist to acknowledge what services work best with their clients such as their skills, abilities, and creative ideas. Another area of strength would be developing the supervisee’s preferred future or outcome and collaborating with the counselors and the clients regarding their work together where they focus on the goals and the solutions versus the problem. It also allows the counselors to take a ‘not-knowing’ position as well as uses scales to measure and develop progress while offering appropriate, evidenced compliments respectfully. On the other hand, solution-focused supervision requires the problem or challenge to be clearly identified in order for it to be successful; must present a problem in order to seek resolution. Identifying the problem sometimes may present challenges to the counselor‘s self-supervision model. This type of model allows the supervisees to evaluate themselves and identify and improve their own strengths and weaknesses which promote positive behavioral changes. Helping a refuge family of four adapt to their new surroundings is an example of solution focused supervision; guiding them through their acculturation process, where becoming competent of the family’s cultural beliefs, backgrounds, and worldviews through community resources and support groups. The counselor can research and educate themselves about all aspects of the client’s culture giving the counselor self-confidence to conduct effective counseling sessions. The Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs (CACREP) defines counselor supervision as: A form of instruction where by a supervisor monitors and evaluates an internship or practicum student’s performance and quality of service provided, facilitating associated learning and skill development experiences (CACREP, 2009). According to the American Psychological Association, supervision covers a vast and diverse collection of responsibilities, including but not limited to: monitoring, evaluating, instructing, advising, modeling, consulting, supporting, foster autonomy within the supervisee and a responsibility to the patient, profession, system and society. Supervision also addresses legal and ethical issues that may arise, thus further emphasizing the importance of effective training within the mental health profession (www. apa. org). It is necessary to improve client care, develop the professionalism of clinical personnel, and impart and maintain ethical standards in the field. The quality and focus of supervision may have a direct impact on counselor development, service delivery, and, most important, client care; and therefore should not be taken lightly. Supervision is a key component of counselor growth and ongoing development (Campbell, 2006) and impacts counselors’ attitudes, clinical style, and practice (Allen, Szollos, Williams, 1986; Magnuson, Norem Wilcoxon, 2002). The type of supervision can vary depending on various aspects such as the supervisee’s place of internship and work environment, client population, financial resource, and diversity of clients. What appeals to some supervisees may not appeal to others? Some may not feel comfortable using the solutions focused supervision model as much as I do. This model stresses growth through increasing one’s self efficacy and boosting self-confidence which are vital aspects for me as a future mental health counselor that aspires to work with immigrant and refugee youth self-efficacy is. Supervision of counselors has been described as an on-going, essential, mutually advantageous, and impossible task (Borders Brown, 2005; Bernard Goodyear, 2004; Zinkin, 1989). Counselor supervision has undergone a variety of transformations since its emergence, however, the main goal of supervision remained the same which is to help guide counselors provide a better service to their clients which promotes growth and positive way of living. How to cite Self-Supervision and Plan, Papers

National Commercial Banking Corporation - Free Samples to Student

Question: Discuss about the National Commercial Banking Corporation. Answer: Introduction: The law which governs the relationship between the principal and its agent is the agency Law. Under this law, the principal is held responsible for the acts which are undertaken by his agent, to a third party (Munday, 2010, p. 13). Agency governs the relationship between a principal, and its agent, and in such cases, the agent acts on behalf of its principal. The raison d'tre behind the agency law stems from the absence of awareness to the third party, regarding the presence of authority with agent, for their acts, and so, the principal is held liable for the conduct of their agent (Busch, Macgregor and Watts, 2016, p. 37). It can be broadly made two forms, the first one is the actual authority and the other one is the apparent authority. In actual authority, the individual has the express authority to work on behalf of the principal (Murdoch, 2014, p. 5). The other is the apparent or ostensible authority, under which, the conduct of the principal is such, which leads the third party into believing that there was a presence of the required authority to do the act, even when in actuality, the same authority had never been awarded to the agent (Patterson Law, 2012). In a leading case of Freeman and Lockyer v Buckhurst Park Properties (Mangal) Ltd [1964] 2 QB 480, the plaintiff initiated legal action against the defendant, along with Kapoor, the director of the company, for the unpaid payment of thee architecture work fees. Though, the director was never appointed as the MD or the Managing Director of the company, it was always portrayed that he was the holder of this position. And the other directors were aware about this portrayal. Hence, due to the presence of ostensible authority, the defendant was held liable for the unpaid payment (PQ Magazine, 2017). In another legal case of Hely-Hutchinson v Brayhead Ltd [1967] 1 QB 549, the defendant was sued by the plaintiff for failing in finishing the takeover deal, as a result of which, a loss was incurred. In this case, the plaintiff was the de facto MD and the CEO of the company and had guaranteed the repayment of money. Though, the payment was denied to the plaintiff and it was stated that he did not have the requisite authority to provide any guarantee. Though, it was held by the court that there was a presence of authority and hence, the defendant was required to honor the guarantee given by its agents (Nanda, 2012). In the case of Watteau v Fenwick [1893] 1 QB 346, the beerhouse was operated by Humble and the plaintiff was the cigar supplier. The interest was assigned to the defendant by the plaintiff and the supply of cigars was continued by the plaintiff to Humble; though he was unaware about the participation of the defendant. The plaintiff sued the defendant for nonpayment. It was held that the defendant was liable for the act of its agent, which was Humble in this case, and he had to pay the plaintiff the amount claimed (Smith, 2012). In the given case, Brad was appointed as the agent by Tina. On basis of his apparent authority, he continued to order fuel from Caltex. Though, even when his authority was revoked, he continued to do the same. Caltex had no knowledge about the same. Applying the case of Watteau v Fenwick here, Tina would be liable for the acts of Brad due to the lack of awareness on part of Caltex about the revocation of the authority, and due to the applicability of ostensible authority. This would make her liable to pay the contractual amount to Caltex. Under the agency Law, the agents have the implied duty of acting in good faith and ensuring fair dealing in the work they undertake on behalf of the principal (Maughan and Wells, 2013). A number of duties are owed by an agent to the principal. This includes the duty of discharging their duties with care and diligence (US Legal, 2017). In the case of Yam Seng Pte Ltd v International Trade Corporation Ltd [2013] EWHC 111, the exclusive distribution rights were given by ITC to Yam Seng in 2009, as per which the plaintiff could distribute the Manchester United fragrances in Australia, Africa, Asia and Middle East. A case was made by the plaintiff against the defendant in 2010 and it was alleged that the defendant had breached the implied term of good faith by providing false information to the plaintiff. The claims of the plaintiff were upheld and the court held that the defendant had to the duty to be honest as a part of good faith (Jones, 2014). In the given case study, Paul withheld the information about the price of vehicle in the market being $ 25 000. He also failed in informing Tina that Fred, his neighbor, was interested in purchasing the same at this price. He instead lied to Tina about needing the vehicle for himself and sold it to Fred, whereby he made a profit of $ 6,000. This was a clear breach of duty imposed on Paul, by being an agent of Tina. Paul had the duty of being honest to Tina and had to inform her about the interest of Fred and the actual market price of the vehicle. He acted in a dishonest manner and so, as per Yam Seng Pte Ltd v International Trade Corporation Ltd, he breached his duty of acting in good faith. Hence, he would have to compensate Tina for her loss and for the breach of agents duties. Whether the action raised against the partnership firm by both Sunstar Computer Hardware Ltd and You Beaut Ute Ltd would hold, or not? Whether George, Sara and Mary can initiate actions against Simon, or not? Partnership can be defined as an arrangement between the parties, who come to be known as partners, whereby they agree to advance their mutual interests by carrying on a business with the aim of attaining profit. Section 1 of the Partnership Act, 1892 (NSW) contains the definition of partnership as per which, for partnership to exist, there has to be a carrying on of a business, which is common and for attaining profits (NSW Legislation, 2012). Partnership is governed by a document, which is known as a partnership agreement and which covers the details of the partnership (Commins Hendriks Solicitors, 2017). The partnership agreement is basically a contract, which sets out the terms of the partnership (Williams, 2011, p. 335). So, when a term in the contract is breached, a claim can be raised by one party, against the other party, as per the contract Law. In case of such breach of contract, the aggrieved party can initiate actions for damages against the breaching party (Latimer, 2012, p. 469). In some cases, the equitable remedies could also be sought after, which can help in stopping the individual, through an injunction; or ask the individual to do some particular task, in form of specific performance; and even rescind the contract through rescission (Clarke, 2016) . Section 53B of the Partnership Act, 1892 (NSW) contains the provisions regarding the partnership agreement. Due to these reasons, the common law of contract can be applied on the partnership. However, even without a partnership agreement, the Partnership Act of NSW allows the formation of a partnership (NSW Legislation, 2012). In addition to the contract law, the agency law, as highlighted in the previous part, is applicable on the partnership. Due to the applicability of the agency law over partnership, all the partners are liable for the actions of each other to the third party (Parisi, 2017, p. 415). Hence, the acts undertaken by one partner, are binding on the entire partnership. This provision is further contained in section 5 of this act, as per which, the partners have the power of binding the partnership and the other partners, for the actions undertaken by them. Section 9 of this act makes the partners liable for all the obligations and debts of the firm, which were undertaken when the individual was a partner (NSW Legislation, 2012). The rationale behind this is that when the partners act in the course of partnership business, they are to be deemed as each others partners and this was held in the case of Lang v James Morrison Co Ltd (1911) 13 CLR 1 (Jade, 2011). In the case of Phillips-Higgins v Harper [1954] 1 QB 411, it was held that as the partners owe a fiduciary duty towards each other, when one of the partners acts as the agent of the firm, the individual would owe duty towards their partners who owe a similar duty back to the partners (Swarb, 2015a). The case of Mercantile Credit Co Ltd v Garrod [1962] 3 All ER 1103 presents the liability of the partners towards the others. In this case, two individuals were in a partnership, where they carried on a business of leading out garages. Under this agreement, both of these individuals were prohibited from selling the motor vehicles. Even though this prohibition was applicable, one of the individuals sold a motor vehicle to the plaintiff, which was not owned by him. Furthermore, in past, he had sold such vehicles to the plaintiff. So, the partnership was sued by the plaintiff for recovery of damages. Looking at how the transaction appeared to the plaintiff, it was held by the court that from his point, the sale was as per the usual course of business and hence, valid (Swarb, 2015b). However, in the case of National Commercial Banking Corporation of Australia Ltd v Batty (1986) 60 ALJR 379, it was held that the partnership firm would not be liable for the wrongful actions of the partner, as they were not as per the scope of apparent authority of the partner, and further because the money received by the firm was not in the ordinary course of the business of the firm (Jade, 2017). In this particular case, a partnership was formed between Simon, George, Sara and Mary. They decided to form a partnership, for which a partnership agreement was drawn. This partnership agreement gave the individuals the power of entering into transactions on behalf of the company, to the value of $10,000. Simon entered into two contracts, one of which was drawn with Sunstar Computer Hardware Limited to the cost of $12,000. The rules stated above provide that the partners and the partnership firm are liable only when the act is done as per the authority given and in the course of business. In absence of transaction done in normal course of business, the firms cannot be held liable. This was a clear breach of the authority given to him as per the partnership act. Hence, applying the case of National Commercial Banking Corporation of Australia Ltd v Batty, the firm would not be liable for this particular act of Simon. This is because this particular transaction not only breached his apparent authority, but also was not as per the partnership agreement. Hence, Simon would be personally liable for this particular contract. Even though the agency law, the governing sections of the Partnership Act, and the cases like Lang v James Morrison Co Ltd make the other partners liable for the acts of their fellow partner, but being the acts beyond his apparent authority, the partners would not be liable and Simon would be held personally liable for the breach of authority and the partnership deed. Moreover, as Simon breached the partnership deed, which acts as a contract, the other partners can initiate action against Simon for the breach of provisions of the partnership act and the breach of contract. This would hold them in stopping Simon from undertaking more such contracts. However, for the agreement drawn with You Beaut Ute Ltd, the same was as per the authority given to Simon and as per the partnership agreement. Hence, the firm would be liable for this particular contract. Conclusion The action raised against the partnership firm by Sunstar Computer Hardware Ltd would not hold; though, the same, when raised by You Beaut Ute Ltd would ne upheld hold and the firm would be liable for the payment of this contract. And George, Sara and Mary can initiate actions against Simon for breach of partnership agreement, as being a contact. References Busch, D., Macgregor, L., and Watts, P. (2016). Agency Law in Commercial Practice. Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. 37. Clarke, P. (2016). Remedies for Breach of Contract. Retrieved from: https://www.legalmatch.com/law-library/article/breach-of-contract-equitable-remedies.html Commins Hendriks Solicitors. Written Partnership Agreements Why All Partnerships Should Have One. Retrieved from: https://www.comminshendriks.com.au/written-partnership-agreements-%E2%80%93-why-all-partnerships-should-have-one Jade. (2011). Lang v James Morrison and Company Ltd. Retrieved from: https://jade.io/j/?a=outlineid=62121 Jade. (2017). National Commercial Banking Corporation of Australia Ltd v Batty. Retrieved from: https://jade.io/j/?a=outlineid=67268 Jones, D. (2014). Implied duty of good faith - what is the current position for distributors?. Retrieved from: https://www.agentlaw.co.uk/site/briefing_notes/implied_duty_of_good_faith_what_is_the_current_position_for Latimer, P. (2012). Australian Business Law 2012, 31st ed, Sydney, NSW: CCH Australia Limited p. 469. Maughan, A., and Wells, S. (2013). UK: Good Faith Obligations In English Law. Retrieved from: https://www.mondaq.com/x/252158/Contract+Law/Good+Faith+Obligations+In+English+Law Munday, R. (2010). Agency: Law and Principles. Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. 13. Murdoch, J. (2014). Law of Estate Agency, 5th ed, London: Routledge, p. 5. Nanda, P. (2012). Hely Hutchinson v. Brayhead Ltd. - The Authority on Actual and Ostensible Authority. Retrieved from: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2229158 NSW Legislation. (2012). Partnership Act 1892 No 12. Retrieved from: https://www.legislation.nsw.gov.au/inforce/f9dfc85e-8f91-e79f-99e5-8042677519f3/1892-12.pdf Parisi, F. (2017). The Oxford Handbook of Law and Economics: Volume 2: Private and Commercial Law. Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. 415. Patterson Law. (2012). The Doctrine of Ostensible Authority. Retrieved from: https://pattersonlaw.ca/NewsArticleView/tabid/179/ArticleId/169/The-Doctrine-of-Ostensible-Authority.aspx PQ Magazine. (2017). A Quick Look At Freeman Lockyer V Buckhurst Park Properties (Mangal) Ltd [1964] 2 QB 480. Retrieved from: https://www.aiaworldwide.com/international-accountant/editors-blog/quick-look-%E2%80%A6-freeman-lockyer-v-buckhurst-park-properties Smith, J.C. (2012). Watteau v Fenwick. Retrieved from: https://h2o.law.harvard.edu/collages/1557 Swarb. (2015a). Phillips-Higgins v Harper: QBD 1954. Retrieved from: https://swarb.co.uk/phillips-higgins-v-harper-qbd-1954/ Swarb. (2015b). Mercantile Credit Co Ltd v Hamblin: CA 1964. Retrieved from: https://swarb.co.uk/mercantile-credit-co-ltd-v-hamblin-ca-1964/ US Legal. (2017). Rights, Duties, and Liabilities Between Principal and Agent. Retrieved from: https://agency.uslegal.com/rights-duties-and-liabilities-between-principal-and-agent/ Williams, G. (2011). Corporations and Partnerships in New Zealand. The Netherlands: Kluwer Law International, p. 335.